What are organic acids?

Organic acids are natural components that we find in a wide variety of foods and in our own body. They are present in fruits and vegetables, and are produced by beneficial bacteria and yeast . Despite their name, they are known as "weak acids" because they do not dissolve completely in water. These acids contain carboxylic groups, which are essential for many functions in the body and are also found in products such as amides and esters.

These acids play a crucial role in our health and well-being . For example, they influence our body's pH balance , helping to maintain a stable internal environment. Additionally, they participate in cell signaling , essential for effective communication between our cells, and play a role in the transport of substances across our cell membranes.

There are two main types of organic acids: those with a carboxyl group, such as acetic acid (the same one found in vinegar), and those with a phenol group, such as salicylic acid. These acids not only have a characteristic flavor, but also provide unique properties to foods and drinks.

Organic acids have several important functions in our body. For example, they are involved in vital processes such as regulating our cellular functions, from adjusting pH to influencing the activity of our proteins. Its presence and balance are essential to keep us healthy and active.

In food, these acids are key to many properties of the foods we consume. For example, they are responsible for the sour taste of some foods and drinks, and are essential in fermentation, a process used in making products such as yogurt, kefir, and kombucha. These fermentation processes not only improve flavor, but also enhance health benefits, such as improving digestion and strengthening the immune system.

In short, organic acids are a vital part of our diet and play an important role in our overall health. From contributing to the flavor of foods to supporting essential cellular functions, these compounds are small but powerful allies on our path to a healthy diet and lifestyle.

The magic of kombucha

Kombucha, an ancient fermented drink, begins life as a simple mixture of tea and sugar. However, under the influence of SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast), this mixture transforms into a complex and healthy cocktail of organic acids. The SCOBY, a gelatinous disk that floats on the surface of the tea, is the heart of this process. It is made up of a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeast that work together to ferment sugar into a variety of beneficial compounds.

In the first phase of fermentation, yeasts break down sugar into glucose and fructose and subsequently producing alcohol and carbon dioxide . Next, acetic bacteria kick in, oxidizing the alcohol to form acetic acid , the same compound that gives vinegar its distinctive flavor. This process not only produces organic acids such as acetic, lactic and gluconic , but also alters the nutritional profile of the tea, enriching it with enzymes, probiotics and a range of beneficial acids .

The end result is a slightly effervescent and tart drink , known for its probiotic properties and its potential to improve digestion and strengthen the immune system. Each batch of kombucha is unique, with variations in flavor and composition, depending on factors such as the length of fermentation and the composition of the SCOBY. This fermentation process transforms the humble sugary tea into a healthy and complex beverage , prized not only for its unique flavor but also for its many health benefits.

All about organic acids in kombucha

Kombucha, a popular fermented beverage, contains several organic acids that are responsible for its unique characteristics and potential health benefits. The most common organic acids found in kombucha include:

1. Acetic Acid : This is the most abundant acid in kombucha and is what gives it its distinctive vinegar-like flavor. Mainly produced by acetic bacteria such as Acetobacter, which are a key component of the SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) in kombucha. These bacteria convert the ethanol produced by yeast into acetic acid.
2. Glucuronic Acid : The glucuronic acid present in kombucha plays several beneficial health roles. According to a study published in 2004 in the CyTA Journal of Food , this acid contributes to the detoxification functions of the liver, assisting it in the processing of medications, chemicals and pollutants. Additionally, glucuronic acid helps maintain the balance of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, and promotes increased antioxidant activity. It also helps restore cells, rejuvenating the body.
3. Gluconic Acid : These bifidobacteria are beneficial bacteria present in our intestines. They contribute to maintaining intestinal health and, for this reason, they are often added to probiotic supplements. By providing more support to these beneficial bacteria with gluconic acid from potent kombucha, we improve the health of our gut ! Gluconic acid is produced by acetic bacteria such as Acetobacter. These bacteria convert glucose into gluconic acid.
4. Glucaric Acid : Additionally, kombucha contains glucaric acid, which was shown to have promising antioxidant effects in a 2011 study. Antioxidants are essential for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which can damage our cells and make us more susceptible to disease. Glucaric acid, in particular, is recognized for its ability to assist in detoxification and cellular protection, thereby contributing to the overall strength of the immune system and the prevention of damage at the cellular level.
5. Saccharic acid : Kombucha contains D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL), a derivative of glucaric acid. This compound, identified through studies such as the one carried out by Kan Wang using high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), stands out for its ability to inhibit the enzyme glucuronidase, which is indirectly related to cancer. The inhibition of this enzyme by DSL suggests potential in cancer prevention, as it could improve the body's detoxification and elimination of carcinogens.
6. Lactic Acid : Produced by the Acidophilus bacteria, this acid helps maintain good intestinal flora and, therefore, good digestion. It also increases oxygen in the blood, which in turn increases the body's energy. Lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus.
7. Malic Acid : This acid is present in kombucha and is known for its metabolic and detoxifying functions. Although malic acid is commonly known for its presence in fruits such as apples, its specific production in kombucha is not clearly attributed to a particular bacteria. It could be a byproduct of the metabolism of the yeast or bacteria present in the SCOBY.
8. Galacturonic Acid : Although not commonly mentioned, this acid is also part of the organic acids found in kombucha.
9. Ascorbic acid or vitamin C : Kombucha is also associated with supporting a healthy immune system thanks to its vitamin C content.
10. Additional Organic Acids : Kombucha may contain other organic acids such as citric, L-lactic, tartaric, and malonic acids, although their presence depends on the initial composition of the SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast).

These organic acids are produced as byproducts of the fermentation process and are largely responsible for the flavor properties, preservation, and potential health benefits of kombucha.

Benefits of the organic acids present in kombucha

The organic acids present in kombucha, such as acetic, lactic, malic, gluconic and glucuronic, offer several benefits for digestion and intestinal health:

1. Antimicrobial Activity : Organic acids have an antimicrobial action that helps control the growth of pathogens, promoting general health and modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
2. Biochemical Properties : These acids are soluble in water and have a weak acid character, which makes them efficient in modifying the physiology of bacteria, preventing their proliferation and causing their death.
3. Improved Digestibility : They reduce the pH of the stomach, activating digestive enzymes such as pepsin, which improves protein digestion. In addition, they modulate the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Effect in Acidic Conditions : The effectiveness of organic acids is greater in acidic conditions (such as in the stomach) and is reduced in the intestine with neutral pH. This implies a greater pH-lowering effect and a lesser antimicrobial effect in the more distal portions of the digestive tract.
5. Bactericidal Capacity : In their undissociated form, organic acids can penetrate the cell wall of bacteria, increasing their bactericidal capacity and causing cell death.
6. Control of Bacterial Proliferation : Organic acids can control bacterial proliferation and optimize digestion and enteric absorption processes, which improves intestinal health.

Detoxifying effect of the organic acids in kombucha

Kombucha, an ancient drink that has gained popularity in recent years as a health elixir, is famous not only for its unique flavor but also for its detoxifying properties, largely attributed to its rich composition of organic acids. Among these, gluconic acid emerges as a key component, standing out for its role in promoting health and well-being.

The most powerful detoxifier: glucuronic acid

Glucuronic acid is produced during the symbiotic fermentation process of bacteria and yeast in kombucha, gluconic acid is formed from the oxidation of glucose. This process, catalyzed by specific microorganisms present in the SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture Of Bacteria and Yeast) culture, not only imparts distinctive flavor characteristics to kombucha, but also contributes significantly to its health benefits.

The detoxifying mechanism of gluconic acid is based on its interaction with toxins and pollutants in the body, facilitating their excretion and thus reducing the toxic load. This acid plays a crucial role in modulating the intestinal microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and contributing to a healthy balance in the digestive system. This action not only improves digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also strengthens the immune system and enhances the body's natural ability to get rid of harmful substances. The presence of gluconic acid in kombucha, along with other organic acids, makes this fermented drink a valuable complement to a diet focused on health and disease prevention, evidencing its role in promoting effective and natural detoxification of the body. .

Saccharic acid inhibits glucuronidase

Saccharic acid or D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone (DSL) has aroused particular interest in the scientific community due to its potential health properties.

Presence of DSL in Kombucha : DSL is a derivative of glucaric acid and is formed during the fermentation process of kombucha. The presence of DSL in kombucha was confirmed by a study by Kan Wang and collaborators, titled Determination of D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone from brewed kombucha broth by high-performance capillary electrophoresis . This study highlighted the importance of an efficient method, such as high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE), to quantify DSL in kombucha samples.

Potential Benefits of DSL : One of the most promising aspects of DSL is its ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme glucuronidase. This enzyme is indirectly linked to cancer progression, as its excessive activity can interfere with the body's detoxification and elimination of carcinogens. Therefore, DSL, by inhibiting this enzyme, could contribute to cancer prevention.

Mechanism of Action : The exact mechanism by which DSL exerts its inhibitory effect on glucuronidase is still being investigated. However, it is believed to interfere with the enzyme's ability to break down glucuronides, which are compounds the body uses to neutralize and eliminate toxins and hormones, such as carcinogens. By preventing the breakdown of these glucuronides, DSL helps maintain the effectiveness of the body's detoxification process.

Applications and Future Research : Although preliminary results are promising, more research is required to fully understand the benefits of DSL on human health and its therapeutic potential. Future studies could focus on the bioavailability of DSL in the human body, as well as its effectiveness in different health conditions, especially in relation to cancer prevention and treatment.

Thus, the DSL present in kombucha represents an intriguing and potentially beneficial aspect of this fermented beverage. As research continues to develop, we can expect to discover more about how this compound contributes to the health properties of kombucha and its potential use in the realm of health and wellness.

Organic acids improve digestion

Organic acids are known to significantly improve digestion. They work by facilitating the breakdown of food in the stomach and improving the absorption of nutrients in the intestine. These acids help balance the pH of the digestive system, resulting in a more favorable environment for digestive enzymes and beneficial bacteria. Its presence in the diet can relieve common digestive problems and contribute to a healthier and more efficient digestive system.

Modulation of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through organic acids

Organic acids play a crucial role in modulating the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), significantly contributing to digestive and general health. These compounds, naturally present in many foods and produced by beneficial microorganisms in the intestine, influence the balance and activity of the intestinal microbiota, a key factor in human health.

Organic acids such as lactic, acetic and butyric acids are particularly important. Produced by probiotic bacteria during the fermentation of dietary fiber, these acids have antimicrobial properties that help keep harmful pathogens at bay. In addition, they regulate the pH of the intestine, creating a favorable environment for beneficial bacteria and unfavorable for harmful ones.

Butyric acid, for example, is a vital nutrient for colon cells and has anti-inflammatory properties. Its presence in adequate amounts can help prevent and treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand, lactic acid, common in fermented foods like kombucha, promotes the growth of healthy bacteria and improves mineral absorption .

Organic acids also play a role in cell signaling and immune modulation in the GIT. By influencing the communication between intestinal cells and the microbiota, they help regulate the immune response and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, protecting against toxins and pathogens.

Including foods rich in organic acids in the diet is an effective way to support the health of the intestinal microbiota like kombucha! In addition to fermented foods, fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent sources. These eating habits, combined with a healthy lifestyle, can significantly improve GIT health and, by extension, overall health.

In conclusion, organic acids are valuable allies in modulating the intestinal microbiota, offering a natural approach to improve digestive health and strengthen the immune system. Its role in maintaining a healthy balance in the GIT underscores the importance of a diet rich in fermented foods and fiber to maintain an optimal intestinal ecosystem.

Organic Acids and Kombucha FAQs

1. What specific health benefits do the organic acids in kombucha provide?

• The organic acids in kombucha, such as acetic, glucuronic, and gluconic, have several health benefits. They contribute to improving digestion, have antimicrobial properties, help detoxify the liver, and balance hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. In addition, they promote a healthy environment in the gastrointestinal tract and strengthen the immune system.

2. How do the organic acids in kombucha affect the gut microbiota?

• The organic acids in kombucha help regulate the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, creating an environment favorable for beneficial bacteria and unfavorable for pathogens. This promotes a healthy balance of the gut microbiota , improving nutrient absorption and protecting against disease.

3. Can the organic acids in kombucha help with weight loss or weight management?

• While kombucha is not a magic bullet for weight loss, the organic acids it contains can support digestion and improve metabolism, which could indirectly contribute to weight management . However, it should always be combined with a balanced diet and regular exercise.

4. Are there risks or side effects when consuming kombucha due to its organic acids?

• Kombucha is safe for most people when consumed in moderation. However, due to its acidic nature and caffeine content, some people may experience stomach upset or restlessness. Caution is recommended for people with sensitive digestive problems or pregnant women.

5. How can I incorporate kombucha into my daily diet to reap the benefits of organic acids?

• Kombucha can be consumed directly as a drink , preferably in small quantities at first to get the body used to it. It can be a healthy alternative to soft drinks and can be included in smoothies or even used in salad dressings to add a unique flavor and reap its benefits.